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Choosing parametric test

 

Explanations > Social Research > Analysis > Choosing a parametric test

Choosing the test | Discussion | See also

 

Choosing the test

Use the table below to choose the test. See below for further details.

 

How many separate samples?

1

How many scores for each subject?

1

Is standard deviation known?

Y

z-score

N

Single-sample t-test

2

Matched-pair t-test
>2 Repeated-measures ANOVA

2

Matched samples? (N = independent)

Y

Matched-pair t-test

N

Independent-measures t-test
>2

Matched samples? (N = independent)

Y

Repeated-measures ANOVA

N

How many independent variables?

1

Single-factor ANOVA

2

Two-factor ANOVA

 

Discussion

Parametric tests assume an underlying Normal (bell-shaped) distribution, which is often forced through means of samples (see the Central limit theorem).

Test statistic

The test statistic in all tests is calculated as:

systematic variation / random variation

= (measured difference between sample means) / (mean difference expected by chance)

= (variability between treatments) / (variability within treatments)

Principles

The common principles of measurement are:

  • A sample (a set of scores) is measured for each population or treatment condition
  • For each sample, the mean and a spread figure (sum of squares, variance or standard deviation) is calculated.
  • The difference between sample means is calculated. This is the numerator of the test statistic and indicates systematic (predicted) difference between treatment conditions.
  • The variation within each sample indicates unsystematic (random, unpredictable) variation. This is the denominator of the test statistic.

Design types

Single sample designs take data from a single sample to test a hypothesis about a single population.

Independent-measures designs take separate samples from each population or treatment.

Related-samples designs, including repeated-measures and matched-subjects designs.

Repeated measures designs have only one sample, with each subject being measured in all treatment conditions.

In matched-subject designs, each person in one sample is matched with a subject in each of the other samples.

See also

Parametric vs. non-parametric tests

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Disciplines

* Argument
* Brand management
* Change Management
* Coaching
* Communication
* Counseling
* Game Design
* Human Resources
* Job-finding
* Leadership
* Marketing
* Politics
* Propaganda
* Rhetoric
* Negotiation
* Psychoanalysis
* Sales
* Sociology
* Storytelling
* Teaching
* Warfare
* Workplace design

Techniques

* Assertiveness
* Body language
* Change techniques
* Closing techniques
* Conversation
* Confidence tricks
* Conversion
* Creative techniques
* General techniques
* Happiness
* Hypnotism
* Interrogation
* Language
* Listening
* Negotiation tactics
* Objection handling
* Propaganda
* Problem-solving
* Public speaking
* Questioning
* Using repetition
* Resisting persuasion
* Self-development
* Sequential requests
* Storytelling
* Stress Management
* Tipping
* Using humor
* Willpower

Principles

+ Principles

Explanations

* Behaviors
* Beliefs
* Brain stuff
* Conditioning
* Coping Mechanisms
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* Culture
* Decisions
* Emotions
* Evolution
* Gender
* Games
* Groups
* Habit
* Identity
* Learning
* Meaning
* Memory
* Motivation
* Models
* Needs
* Personality
* Power
* Preferences
* Research
* Relationships
* SIFT Model
* Social Research
* Stress
* Trust
* Values

Theories

* Alphabetic list
* Theory types

And

– About
– Guest Articles
– Blog!
– Books
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– Contact
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