|
|
|
Function and leadership
Disciplines
> Leadership >
Leadership actions > Function and leadership
One approach to leadership identifies the fact that leaders play many roles
within an organization. Hence what the leader does may well depend on the
functions that the leader is performing at the time.
Krech et al (1962) identified fourteen functions that the leader may take:
| Leader's function |
Actions |
| Executive |
Coordinating group activities and overseeing the setting
of policies and goals. |
| Planner |
Deciding how the group will achieve its goals. |
| Policy maker |
Establishing policies and goals. |
| Expert |
A source of expert information. |
| External group representative |
Speaking for the group with others. |
| Controller of internal relationships |
Determining the social structure of the group. |
| Purveyor of rewards and punishment |
Controlling members by punishing and rewarding. |
| Arbitrator and mediator |
Resolving disputes in the group. |
| Exemplar |
Behaving in a way that others should behave. |
| Symbol of the group |
Acting as symbolic embodiment of the group, its goals and
its values. |
| Substitute for individual responsibility |
Relieving individuals of the need and responsibility of
personal decisions. |
| Ideologist |
Being the source of beliefs and values. |
| Father figure |
Focus for positive emotional feelings of individuals and
the object for identification and transference. |
| Scapegoat |
Acting as a target for aggression and hostility. Taking
the blame on behalf of the group. |
See also
Krech, D., Crutchfield, R.S., and Ballachey, E.L. (1962). Individual in
society, NY:McGraw-Hill
| | |
|