| Leader's function |
Actions |
| Executive |
Coordinating group activities and overseeing the setting
of policies and goals. |
| Planner |
Deciding how the group will achieve its goals. |
| Policy maker |
Establishing policies and goals. |
| Expert |
A source of expert information. |
| External group representative |
Speaking for the group with others. |
| Controller of internal relationships |
Determining the social structure of the group. |
| Purveyor of rewards and punishment |
Controlling members by punishing and rewarding. |
| Arbitrator and mediator |
Resolving disputes in the group. |
| Exemplar |
Behaving in a way that others should behave. |
| Symbol of the group |
Acting as symbolic embodiment of the group, its goals and
its values. |
| Substitute for individual responsibility |
Relieving individuals of the need and responsibility of
personal decisions. |
| Ideologist |
Being the source of beliefs and values. |
| Father figure |
Focus for positive emotional feelings of individuals and
the object for identification and transference. |
| Scapegoat |
Acting as a target for aggression and hostility. Taking
the blame on behalf of the group. |
