Types of metaphor

Techniques > Use of language > Metaphor > Types of metaphor

Metaphors can be classified in a range of different ways, based on various criteria, from complexity to level of usage.

• Absolute metaphor: Separated subject and vehicle.
• Active metaphor: New and not established.
• Complex metaphor: Multi-layered.
• Compound metaphor: With many parts.
• Dead metaphor: Normal language, no longer recognized as metaphor.
• Dormant metaphor: Weak connection between vehicle and subject.
• Dying metaphor: Unfashionable cliché.
• Extended metaphor: One subject, many sub-elements.
• Implicit metaphor: Incomplete description.
• Mixed metaphor: Mismatched combination of metaphors.
• Pataphor: Extreme form of metaphor.
• Root metaphor: Unrealized basic driver.
• Simple metaphor: Single meaning and linkage.
• Submerged metaphor: Use a part as a metaphor for something else.
• Synechdochic metaphor: Use a part as metaphor for the whole.

See also

Metaphor basics