Mumford's needs

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Mumford (1976) assumed that employees did not simply see their job as a means to an end by had needs which related to the nature of their work.

1. Knowledge needs

Work that utilizes their knowledge and skills.

2. Psychological needs

Such as recognition, responsibility, status and advancement.

3. Task needs

Which include the need for meaningful work and some degree of autonomy.

4. Moral needs

To be treated in the way that employers would themselves wish to be treated.